We are shifting these components to use the Negotiate protocol so that Kerberos can be used instead of NTLM. In addition to expanding Kerberos scenario coverage, we are also fixing hard-coded instances of NTLM built into existing Windows components. IAKerb also does not require us to open new ports on the remote machine to accept Kerberos messages.Īuthentication through the local KDC uses AES out of the box improving the security of local authentication. This leverages IAKerb to allow Windows to pass Kerberos messages between remote local machines without having to add support for other enterprise services like DNS, netlogon, or DCLocator. The local KDC for Kerberos is built on top of the local machine’s Security Account Manager so remote authentication of local user accounts can be done using Kerberos. This type of proxy is useful in firewall segmented environments or remote access scenarios. IAKerb relies on the cryptographic security guarantees of Kerberos to protect the messages in transit through the server to prevent replay or relay attacks. This works through the Negotiate authentication extension and allows the Windows authentication stack to proxy Kerberos messages through the server on behalf of the client. IAKerb is a public extension to the industry standard Kerberos protocol that allows a client without line-of-sight to a Domain Controller to authenticate through a server that does have line-of-sight. The second, a local KDC for Kerberos, adds Kerberos support to local accounts. The first, IAKerb, allows clients to authenticate with Kerberos in more diverse network topologies. Kerberos, better than everįor Windows 11, we are introducing two major features to Kerberos to expand when it can be used-addressing two of the biggest reasons why Kerberos falls back to NTLM today. Evolving Windows authentication and reducing the usage of NTLM requires that we remove these limitations in Kerberos. ![]() These requirements cannot always be met, which will cause authentication problems if NTLM is not available as a fallback. Kerberos must have access to a Domain Controller and requires specifying the target server. Disabling NTLM may also cause issues in scenarios that will not work with Kerberos. Organizations can turn off NTLM, but it may cause issues with applications which hard-coded NTLM use. Kerberos provides better security guarantees and is more extensible than NTLM, which is why it is now a preferred default protocol in Windows. These benefits have led to some applications and services hardcoding the use of NTLM instead of trying to use other, more modern authentication protocols like Kerberos.
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